Unix/Linux Command Reference
File Commands
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1. ls
Directory listing
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2. ls -al
Formatted listing with hidden files
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3. ls -lt
Sorting the Formatted listing by time modification
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4. cd dir
Change directory to dir
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5. cd
Change to home directory
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6. pwd
Show current working directory
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7. mkdir
dir Creating a directory dir
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8. cat
>file Places the standard input into the file
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9. more
file Output the contents of the file
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10. head
file Output the first 10 lines of the file
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11. tail
file Output the last 10 lines of the file
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12. tail
-f file Output the contents of file as it grows,starting with
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the last
10 lines
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13. touch
file Create or update file
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14. rm
file Deleting the file
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15. rm -r
dir Deleting the directory
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16. rm -f
file Force to remove the file
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17. rm -rf
dir Force to remove the directory dir
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18. cp
file1 file2 Copy the contents of file1 to file2
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19. cp -r
dir1 dir2 Copy dir1 to dir2;create dir2 if not present
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20. mv
file1 file2 Rename or move file1 to file2,if file2 is an existing
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directory
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21. ln -s
file link Create symbolic link link to file
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Process management
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1. ps To
display the currently working processes
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2. top
Display all running process
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Unix/Linux Command Reference 3.
kill pid Kill the process with given pid
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4. killall
proc Kill all the process named proc
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5. pkill
pattern Will kill all processes matching the pattern
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6. bg List
stopped or background jobs,resume a stopped
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job in the
background
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7. fg
Brings the most recent job to foreground
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8. fg n
Brings job n to the foreground
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Searching
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1. grep
pattern file Search for pattern in file
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2. grep -r
pattern dir Search recursively for pattern in dir
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3. command
| grep
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pattern
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Search
pattern in the output of a command
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4. locate
file Find all instances of file
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5. find .
-name filename Searches in the current directory (represented by
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a period)
and below it, for files and directories with
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names
starting with filename
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6. pgrep
pattern Searches for all the named processes , that
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matches
with the pattern and, by default, returns
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their ID
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System Info
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1. date
Show the current date and time
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2. cal
Show this month's calender
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3. uptime
Show current uptime
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4. w
Display who is on line
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5. whoami
Who you are logged in as
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Unix/Linux Command Reference 6.
finger user Display information about user
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7. uname
-a Show kernel information
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8. cat
/proc/cpuinfo Cpu information
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9. cat
proc/meminfo Memory information
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10. man
command Show the manual for command
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11. df
Show the disk usage
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12. du
Show directory space usage
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13. free
Show memory and swap usage
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14.
whereis app Show possible locations of app
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15. which
app Show which applications will be run by default
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Compression
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1. tar cf
file.tar file Create tar named file.tar containing file
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2. tar xf
file.tar Extract the files from file.tar
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3. tar czf
file.tar.gz files Create a tar with Gzip compression
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4. tar xzf
file.tar.gz Extract a tar using Gzip
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5. tar cjf
file.tar.bz2 Create tar with Bzip2 compression
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6. tar xjf
file.tar.bz2 Extract a tar using Bzip2
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7. gzip
file Compresses file and renames it to file.gz
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8. gzip -d
file.gz Decompresses file.gz back to file
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Network
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1. ping
host Ping host and output results
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2. whois
domain Get whois information for domains
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3. dig
domain Get DNS information for domain
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4. dig -x
host Reverse lookup host
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5. wget
file Download file
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6. wget -c
file Continue a stopped download
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Unix/Linux Command Reference Shortcuts
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1. ctrl+c
Halts the current command
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2. ctrl+z
Stops the current command, resume with fg in the
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foreground
or bg in the background
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3. ctrl+d
Logout the current session, similar to exit
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4. ctrl+w
Erases one word in the current line
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5. ctrl+u
Erases the whole line
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6. ctrl+r
Type to bring up a recent command
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7. !!
Repeats the last command
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8. exit
Logout the current session
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